MUSICAL TALENT

 Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowed, musical talent appears earliest in life. Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons. Some develop exceptional skill as a result of a well - designed instructional regime. such as the Suzuki method for the violin. Some have a good fortune to be bom into a musical family in a household filled with music. In a number of interesting cases, musical talent is part of an otherwise disabting condition such as autism or mental retardation. A musically gifted child has an inborn talent, howevero the extent to which the talent is expressed publicly will depend upon the environment in which the child lives. Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of music, including pitch and rhyhm. Pitch - or - melody - is more central culfures, for example, in Eastem societies that make use of tiny quarter - tone interval. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and grouped according to a prescribed system, is emphasized in sub - Saharan Africa, where the rhyhmic ratios can be very complex.
All children have some aptitude for making music. During infancy, normal children sing as well as babble, and they can produce individual sounds and sounds patterns. Infants as young as two months can match their mother's songs in pitch, loudness, and melodic shape, and infants at four months can match rhyhmic structure as well. Infants are especially predisposed to acpuire these core aspects of music, and they can also engage in sound play that cleariy exhibits creativity.
Individual differences begin to merge in young children as they learn to sing. Some children can match large segments of a song by the age of two or three. Many others can only approximate pitch at this age and may still have difficulty in producing accurate. melodies by the age of five or six. However, by the time they reach school age, most children in any culture have a schema of what a song should be like and can produce a reasonably accurate imitation of the songs commonly heard in their environment.
The early appearance of superior musical ability in some children providence that musical talent may be a separate and unique form of intelligence. There are numerous tales of young artists who have a remarkable “ear" or extraordinary memory for music and a natural understanding of musical structure. In many of these cases, the child is average in every other way but displays an exceptional ability in music. Even the most gifted child, however, takes about ten year to achieve the levels of performance or composition that would constitute mastery of the musical sphere.
Every generation in music history has its famous prodigies - individuals with exceptional musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozartbegan composing and performing at the age of six. As a child, Mozart could play the piano like an adult. He had perfect pitch, and at the age of nine he was also a master of the art of modulaiion - transitions from one key to another - which became one of the hallmarks of his style. By the age of eleven, he had composed three symphonies and 30 other major works. Mozart's well - developed talent was preserved into adulthood.
Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic of certain anomalies such as autism. In one case, an autistic girl was able to play "Happy Birthday" in the style of various composers, including Mozart,Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert. When the girl was three, her mother called her by playing incomplete melodies, which the child would complete with the appropriate tone in the proper octave. For the autistic child, music may be the primary mode of communication, and the child may cling to music because it represents as a haven in a world that is largely confusing and frightening.