Of all modem instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consist in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident the proportions of the instrument are determined entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are invoked in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument in combination with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra. 
The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600's, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vinq-quatre violons du Roy (The King's 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century. In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instilment very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin's intemal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated; and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.
"> Of all modem instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consist in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident the proportions of the instrument are determined entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are invoked in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument in combination with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra. 
The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600's, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vinq-quatre violons du Roy (The King's 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century. In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instilment very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin's intemal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated; and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.
"> Read the following passage and mark the letter A. B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Of all modem instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consist in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident the proportions of the instrument are determined entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are invoked in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument in combination with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra. 
The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600's, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vinq-quatre violons du Roy (The King's 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century. In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instilment very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin's intemal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated; and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.

Trong tất cả các dụng cụ hiện đại, violin hiển nhiên là một trong những cái đơn giản nhất. Nó bao gồm bản chất của một hộp âm thanh gỗ rỗng, đánh bóng, hoặc phần tạo vang, và một cổ dài bao phủ bởi một bàn phím bấm, dọc theo đó bốn dây kéo dài ở độ căng cao. Vẻ đẹp của thiết kế, hình dạng, và trang trí không phải là ngẫu nhiên mà tỷ lệ của nhạc cụ được xác định hoàn toàn bằng các sự cân nhắc âm thanh. Sự đơn giản của bên ngoài là lừa dối. Khoảng 70 phần được viện dẫn trong cấu tạo của một cây đàn violin. Âm thanh và sự nổi bật khiến nó trở thành một nhạc cụ đơn lý tưởng. Tuy nhiên không kém phần quan trọng là vai trò của nó như là một nhạc cụ dàn nhạc trong sự kết hợp với các nhạc cụ cùng dòng lớn hơn và sâu sắc hơn cùng một loại, violin tạo thành tâm điểm của dàn nhạc giao hưởng hiện đại.
Violin đã tồn tại từ khoảng năm 1550. Tầm quan trọng của nó như một công cụ theo cách riêng của nó bắt đầu từ đầu những năm 1600, khi nó lần đầu tiên trở thành tiêu chuẩn trong các dàn nhạc opera của Ý. Độ cao của nó như là một nhạc cụ dàn nhạc đã được nêu ra nhiều hơn khi năm 1626 Louis XIII của Pháp thành lập tại sân của ông một dàn nhạc được gọi là “Les vinq quatre violcas du Roy” (Vua của 24 chiếc violin), mà đã trở nên nổi tiếng rộng rãi vào cuối thế kỷ. Trong giai đoạn đầu tiên của lịch sử của nó, violin có âm thanh thô và khá yên tĩnh, kết quả từ thực tế là các dây dày và được gắn liền với cơ thể của instilment rất lỏng lẻo. Trong thế kỷ mười tám và mười chín, những thay đổi kỹ thuật thú vị đã được lấy cảm hứng từ những nhà soạn nhạc vĩ cầm như Vivaldi và Tartini. Các bản nhạc của họ đòi hỏi một giai điệu sáng hơn, rõ ràng hơn và sáng hơn hơn được tạo ra bằng cách sử dụng các dây mỏng hơn và dây căng hơn. Những thay đổi nhỏ đã được thực hiện với cấu trúc bên trong của violon và các bàn phím để họ có thể chịu được thêm căng thẳng. Theo đó, một tiêu chuẩn cao hơn về hiệu năng đã đạt được, về mặt cơ sở và sự tương tác. Kỹ thuật tay trái đã được xây dựng kỹ lưỡng; và các mẫu ngón tay mới trên khay đã được phát triển cho các nốt rất cao.

The word "they" in the passage refers to ____________.

Đáp án đúng: C

What is the main idea presented in paragraph 3?

Đáp án đúng: B

The word "strain" is closest meaning to ________________.

Đáp án đúng: C

The word "standard" is closest in meaning to _________ .

Đáp án đúng: B

According to the passage, early violins were different from modem violins in that early violins _________.

Đáp án đúng: B

According to the passage, which of the following contributes to a dull sound being produced by a violin?

Đáp án đúng: D

The author mentions Vivaldi and Tartini in passage as examples of composers whose music ______________.

Đáp án đúng: C

All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to the ability to play modem violin music EXCEPT _____________ .

Đáp án đúng: A